Test Detail
Understanding the Test
Test Measures
FAQ's
References
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Content created by
Written by
Dr. Shreya Gupta
BDS, MDS - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Reviewed by
Dr. Ashish Ranjan
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)
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Differential Neutrophil Count

(DNC)
You need to provide
Blood
This test is for
Male, Female
Test Preparation
  1. No special preparation is required.

Understanding Differential Neutrophil Count


What is Differential Neutrophil Count?

A Differential Neutrophil Count test measures the percentage of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell (WBC), in the blood. This test helps identify conditions that may affect WBC count, such as infections, inflammations, bone marrow disorders, etc., and monitor their treatments. It is often used as part of a complete blood count test that also measures other types of blood cells. 

Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs. These cells are the key indicator of an individual’s immune system function, as they are responsible for attacking and destroying bacteria and other harmful substances. They are the first cells to arrive at the site of an infection. 

A Differential Neutrophil Count test is often used in conjunction with other blood tests to diagnose a variety of conditions, such as infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer. At times, this test can also be used to monitor the progress of certain treatments or therapies. A low neutrophil count, also known as neutropenia, may indicate an increased risk of infections. Whereas, a high neutrophil count, also known as neutrophilia, may indicate inflammation, stress, or bacterial infection. No special preparation is required before undergoing this test; eat or drink as per your daily routine. 

Test result ranges are approximate and may differ slightly between different labs depending on the methodology and laboratory guidelines. Talk to your doctor about your specific test results. The results will help them determine your medical condition and formulate an overall treatment plan.

What is Differential Neutrophil Count used for?

A Differential Neutrophil Count test can be done:

  • As part of a complete blood count test to monitor your overall health.

  • If you have symptoms suggestive of an acute infection, like fever, chills, body aches, infection, headache. 

  • To detect allergies and inflammation. 

  • To detect conditions such as neutrophilia, neutropenia, bone marrow disorders, autoimmune disorders, certain types of leukemia, etc.

  • To monitor the progress of treatments that can affect the levels of WBCs, including neutrophils, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

What does Differential Neutrophil Count measure?

A Differential Neutrophil Count test measures the total percentage of neutrophils in the blood. This test helps your doctor determine the underlying cause of symptoms like fever, inflammation, or infection by identifying the type of infection, i.e., bacterial or viral.

Answers to Patient Concerns & Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Differential Neutrophil Count


Frequently Asked Questions about Differential Neutrophil Count

Q. Which conditions can a differential neutrophil count test detect?

A differential neutrophil count (DNC) test can help identify any infection; cause of an inflammation; other conditions such as autoimmune disorders, bone marrow disorders, etc.; or certain types of cancer.

Q. What do you mean by neutrophilia and neutropenia?

Neutrophilia is a condition in which the number of neutrophils are abnormally high, whereas neutropenia is a condition in which the number of neutrophils are low.

Q. How is a DNC test done?

A DNC test is done using a sample of blood that is withdrawn from a patient’s vein. The blood sample is collected in a vial and sent to the lab for analysis.

Q. Is there any risk associated with a differential neutrophil count test?

There is no risk associated with this test. However, as a needle is used to prick and collect your blood sample, you may experience bleeding, swelling, or blood collection under the skin, which is usually self-limiting. Consult your doctor if these symptoms do not recede.
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