Fever Package Extensive With Smart Report

An ESR test measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle (sediment) at the bottom of a tube that contains a blood sample in one hour.

When there is any inflammation in the body, certain proteins, mainly fibrinogen, increase in the blood. This increased amount of fibrinogen causes the red blood cells to form a stack (rouleaux formation) that settles quickly due to its high density, leading to an increase in the ESR.

An ESR test is a non-specific measure of inflammation and can be affected by conditions other than inflammation also. This test cannot identify the exact location of the inflammation in your body or what is causing it. Hence, an ESR test is usually prescribed along with a few other tests to identify or treat possible health concerns.

A Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test measures the NS-1 protein of the dengue virus. This protein is secreted into the blood during the infection, hence it can be detected during the early stages of the infection only. This test is sensitive for 7 days after the symptoms are experienced. After day 7, the Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test is not recommended. 

If left untreated, dengue fever may progress to a severe form such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can go to a higher grade. It might also include variable bleeding manifestations like bleeding from the nose, vomiting blood, passing blood in the stool, difficulty breathing, and cold clammy skin, especially in the extremities. During the second phase, the virus may attack blood vessels, causing capillaries to leak fluid into the space around the lungs (pleural effusion) or the abdominal cavity (ascites).

Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe complication of dengue fever that is caused when the body's immune system overreacts to the dengue virus. It can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure and dehydration, and if not managed timely, it may lead to multiple organ failures. 

There is no specific treatment for dengue, but early diagnostic testing, such as the dengue NS1 antigen can prevent the advancement of dengue to its complicated forms.

A CRP test measures the levels of CRP protein in your body. This test helps detect the presence of inflammation in the body. It is a non-specific test as it cannot diagnose a condition by itself or determine its exact location or cause. 

CRP is an acute phase reactant protein that is produced by the liver in response to an inflammation in the body. This inflammation may be due to tissue injury, infection, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. CRP levels are often increased before the onset of other symptoms of inflammation such as pain, redness, fever, or swelling. These levels fall as the inflammation subsides.

A Widal Test (Slide Agglutination) helps detect antibodies in the blood against typhoid-causing bacteria called Salmonella typhi.

A Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test involves gross, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of the urine sample.

1. Gross examination: It involves the visual examination of the urine sample for color and appearance. Normally, the urine color ranges from colorless or pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the urine’s concentration. Things such as medications, supplements, and some foods such as beetroot can affect the color of your urine. However, unusual urine color can also be a sign of disease.

   In appearance, the urine sample may be clear or cloudy. A clear appearance is indicative of healthy urine. However, the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, etc. may result in cloudy urine, indicating conditions such as dehydration, UTIs, kidney stones, etc. Some other factors such as sperm and skin cells may also result in a cloudy appearance but are harmless.

2. Chemical examination: It examines the chemical nature of the urine sample using special test strips called dipsticks. These test strips are dipped into the urine sample and they change color when they come in contact with specific substances. The degree of color change gives an estimate of the amount of the substance present. Some of the common things detected include protein, urine pH, ketones, glucose, specific gravity, blood, nitrites, and urobilinogen among others.

3. Microscopic examination: It involves the examination of the urine sample under the microscope for casts, crystals, cells, bacteria, and yeast.